| 摘要 |
Calibration of building energy simulations with performance data is accomplished by introducing corrective heat flows. A building is modeled on a simulator with descriptive inputs derived from a building audit. The performance predicted by the simulator under the measured driving functions is compared with the measured performance (e.g., of indoor temperatures and/or energy use). Corrective heat flows are calculated from calibration parameters and primary heat flows. The corrective heat flows are then incorporated as additional internal gains and applied to the simulator to minimize the differences between predicted and measured performances. Performance of Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning systems is included by introducing and estimating additional parameters. The calibrated simulator can be used, for example, to simulate future performance under given weather conditions and thermostatic constraints by repeating the simulation in an iterative manner, with improved values of the corrective heat flows being computed at each iteration. Additionally, the calibration parameters can also be used as a guide to modify the audit inputs to the simulation to thereby reduce the magnitude of the corrective heat flows. The calibrated simulations can be used for the commissioning, diagnosing, optimal controlling, evaluation, and identification of retrofit opportunities of buildings.
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