Scheren

摘要

1,012,271. Shearing. DAVY & UNITED ENGINEERING CO. Ltd. May 24, 1963 [May 24, 1962], No. 19996/62. Heading B3W. A shear comprises independent first and second blade holders guided for movement along parallel paths, a piston and cylinder assembly operatively connected to the first blade holder, a releasable valve for substantially sealing the cylinder of the assembly to trap liquid therein when that blade holder is adjacent the workpiece to be sheared, and power means for moving the second blade holder to effect shearing. An hydraulic shear comprises four columns 1 tied together by upper and lower crossheads 2, 3, each column having brackets 4 to support the shear in a well, a shear frame 6 having shear blade slideways 7 and entry and exit roller tables 12, 13. Upper and lower shear blades 40, 15 are bolted to blade seats 41, 16 and are attached to holders 44, 20 slidable along the ways 7. The lower crosshead 3 carries a pair of hydraulic oil cylinders 23, a port 25 for the supply of liquid under pressure and rams 24 therein, the upper faces of which are convex part spherical and mate with complementary concave faced seating 32. A ring 33 is located in a slot in the projecting part of the ram and attached to the holder 20 by springs 34. A similar single cylinder and ram unit 47, 46 is housed in the upper cross-head 2 to which is similarly coupled the holder 44. The cylinder 47 carries a tank 51 in which is mounted, over an opening 50 of the cylinder, a non-return valve 53. The valve comprises a valve 77 spring biased against a seating 71, ports 72, a housing 70 containing a stepped piston 75, an annular chamber 83, cylindrical cavity 74 and supply holes 82, 86. Liquid normally flows downwardly through the valve which may be controllably opened to allow reverse flow by admitting fluid to the cavity 74 to lower piston 75 and hence valve 77. The piston is normally biased upwardly by fluid admitted to the chamber 83. The cross-head 2 also carries a pair of double-acting lifting and balance rams 57 bolted to the holder 44. A gag 60 is carried on a pair of rods 61 passing through the holder 44, the upper ends of which are held against seats 63 therein by rams 64 housed in the cross-head 2. The gag is positioned above the lower blade and seat 15 level with the blade 40 with which it moves but can move upwardly relative to the holder 44 against the rams 64 when shearing occurs. In operation pressurized liquid admitted to the ram cylinders 57 lowers the top blade 40 with the gag 60 against the slab located on the rollers, the pressure within the cylinder 47 is reduced below that in the tank 57 and the valve 77 opened against springs 78 to allow water therefrom to keep the cylinder 47 full. When the blade 40 abuts the slab to be cut the pressure on the upper sides of the rams 57 rises and initiates a signal to operate valves to raise the bottom blade and to release the pressure on the rams 57, thereby stopping the descent of the blade against the slab and the ram 46, thereby allowing the valve 77 to be closed by the springs 78 to trap water in the cylinder 47 above the ram 46. Continued upward movement of the blade 15 shears the slab with the sheared part being held between the blade 15 and gag 60. After shearing, water under pressure is admitted to the cavity 74 to open the valve unit 53, the top blade raised by rams 57 and the bottom blade lowered by exhausting the cylinder 23. The point at which fluid dissipation of the strain energy of the trapped water, compressed during the shearing operation in the cylinder 47, takes place is raised by bleeding off a small amount of water therefrom during shearing so that upon completion of the shearing operation the downward movement of the ram 46 due to the expansion of the water is reduced to be effected at a level clear of the slab. The lower blade holder may be coupled to one or more than two cylinder assemblies and the cylinders secured to the blade holder while the rams are secured to the lower cross-head.