| 摘要 |
<p>The state of fouling of a polymeric membrane that is contained within the high pressure housing (46) of a spiral wound or a hollow fiber membrane module (45) is determined by positioning an ultrasonic transducer (70) with its emitting face in physical engagement with the outer surface of the housing (46). The transducer (70) is electrically connected to an ultrasonic pulser/receiver device (87). The transducer (70) is first pulse energized by a pulser portion of the pulser/receiver device. A membrane echo signal (76) is then detected by a receiver portion of the pulser/receiver device (87). A reference echo signal (85) that is indicative of an unfouled state of the membrane, or a fouled state of the membrane, is now compared to the membrane echo signal (76). The state of fouling of the membrane is determined based upon this signal comparison. Multiple transducers and a switching network can be provided to sample the state of fouling at different positions within the membrane module.</p> |
