Method of reducing internal combustion engine emissions, and system for same

摘要

A process is provided for preparing oxymorphone from morphine by: (1) reacting morphine with (1a) an acyl halide or anhydride to form 3-acylmorphine, or (1b) reacting morphine with benzyl-halide to form 3-benzylmorphine; (2) Oxidizing the 6-hydroxy group of the 3-acyl or 3-benzylmorphine so as to form the corresponding 3-acyl or 3-benzylmorphinone; and thereafter either by (3a) or (3b): (3a) introducing a beta -oriented hydroxy group at the 14-position of the 3-acyl- or 3-benzyl-morphinone with aqueous hydrogen peroxide and an acid at a temperature of about 15 DEG to about 70 DEG C. to form the 3-acyl or 3-benzyl-14-hydroxymorphinone; (3b) acylating the 3-acyl or 3-benzyl-morphinone with an acylating agent so as to form the dienol acylate followed by oxidizing the dienol acetate to the corresponding 3-acyl or 3-benzyl-14 -hydroxymorphinone; (4) hydrogenating the 3-acyl-14-hydroxymorphinone with a catalyst so as to form the 3-acyloxymorphone; (5) hydrolyzing the 3-acyl-oxymorphone with aqueous acidic or basic solution to form oxymorphone; (6) hydrogenating the 3-benzyl-14-hydroxymorphinone with a catalyst so as to form oxymorphone.