| 摘要 |
The method of obtaining the adjustable capacitor permits transforming all types of capacitors (including Electrolytic, Vacuum, Gas, high-voltage capacitors) into adjustable capacitors without mechanical parts inside capacitors and provides broad ranges of changing the capacity C A of an adjustable capacitor in electric circuits of direct and alternating currents. The method comprising the steps of choosing the capacity of one capacitor no more than the capacity of a second capacitor and connecting said capacitors in series; connecting a voltage divider with a second capacitor and applying additional voltage U A to a divider arm of said voltage divider through at least one branch with at least one unilateral conductive device and/or photodiode; connecting capacitor plates through devices, which change their electrical states; changing the states of said devices within charging and discharging said capacitors by using the current(s) of said branch(es) and/or by using a voltage drop on at least one part of said branch(es). The method offered also includes additional and supplementary branches, having additional and supplementary unilateral conductive devices, switching devices and light sources which are controlled by currents of said branches and/or by a voltage drop on at least one part of said additional and supplementary branches. The present invention permits: independently changing a maximum voltage on the adjustable capacitor and stored energy into it; smoothly changing a voltage of direct or alternating currents on a load; forming on said capacitors stabilized frequency relaxation oscillations whose amplitudes are smoothly changed and whose pulse rate can be independently and smoothly changed; forming on a load stabilized frequency impulse voltages whose minimal values and amplitudes are smoothly changed and whose pulse rate can be independently and smoothly changed. The present invention ensures a low cost price of manufacturing and the highest level of security, reliability and high frequency of charging and discharging of the adjustable capacitor with smooth variation of C A. The method can be used: for maintaining a voltage on a load within defined limits; for smooth variation of a voltage drop on a load in an electric circuit of alternating current; for smooth variation of power consumption of a load in an electric circuit of alternating current; for controlling a turn-on time and/ or a turn-off time of at least one load; for triggering a thyristor; for changing motor speed; and in The Pulse Technology of low , medium and high voltages.
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