| 摘要 |
Several procedures are provided for reducing the viscosity and density of a water emulsion, or a water mixture, of a specified feedstock, e.g., tar sand bit umen, heavy oil, refinery residue or any heavy waste oil stream to make them amenable for transportation by pipeline from the field to refineries for further processing. The feedstock also contains a naturally-occurring, finely-divided mineral material T he thermal rearrangement of such materials includes contacting that water emulsion or that water mixture with synthesis gas or carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of a bifunctional catalyst that facilitates the water gas shift reaction and also promotes the hydrogenation and stabilization of cracking reaction produ cts. The bifunctional catalyst includes that naturally-occurring, finely-divided mine ral material which is already contained in the feedstock. The process is conducted u nder such conditions of pressure and temperature that a water gas shift reaction occu rs. Thermally rearranged liquid oil having a lower viscosity and a lower density tha n that of the feedstock is recovered. Separate streams of gaseous carbon dioxide and gaseous hydrogen are also recovered therefrom.
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