| 摘要 |
Nitropolystyrene containing from 9.4 to 14.4 per cent of nitrogen is prepared by adding one part of granular polystyrene to at least eight parts of a nitrating acid of an analytically determinable composition of 90-60 per cent nitric acid, 10-40 per cent sulphuric acid or oleum calculated as sulphuric acid and 8 to -3 per cent water (by difference), stirring and cooling the acid during the addition until the suspension is dissolved to form a viscous liquid and then precipitating, e.g. by pouring it into water or diluted refuse acid of at least 40 per cent water content or by adding concentrated sulphuric acid. The nitrating acid is preferably at a temperature of 0 DEG to -15 DEG C. and the polystyrene added quickly with stirring, the nitration continuing at a temperature of between 0 DEG and 60 DEG C. The nitropolystyrene may be purified by washing with cold water, steaming for one hour at 90-100 DEG C. and grinding under water. The products are soluble in nitric acid, nitroglycerine and dinitroglycol. Those with a nitrogen content above 11.8 per cent are also soluble in aldehydes and ketones such as cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone and furfural. They can be plasticised by most liquid aromatic and aliphatic nitro-compounds, e.g. dinitrotoluene mixture oil, nitrobenzene and nitromethane. The nitropolystyrenes are useful as binding agents for explosive and incendiary compositions and as hard, water-repellent coatings. |
