| 摘要 |
Unsaturated compounds containing one or more non-conjugated ethylenic double bonds and having one or more electronegative substituents attached to the ethylenic carbon are polymerized alone or together in the absence of artificial ultra-violet light in the presence of organic azo compounds in which the valencies of the azo group are attached to non-aromatic carbon atoms of dissimilar groups. Unsaturated compounds specified are acrylic, haloacrylic and methacrylic acids, esters, nitriles and amides such as acrylonitrile, methyl, butyl, octyl, methoxymethyl and chlorethyl methacrylates and corresponding esters of acrylic and haloacrylic acids, vinyl fluoride, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and fluoride, 1-fluoro-1-chloro-ethylene, vinyl acetate, chloracetate, propionate and stearate, N-vinyl-phthalimide, -succinimide, -caprolactam and -butyrolactam, styrene, vinyl naphthalene, methyl vinyl lactone, chlorotrifluoroethylene, methyl fumarate, ethylene dimethacrylate, diallyl diglycollate, carbonate and phthalate, methacrylic anhydride, tetrafluorethylene and 5-ethyl-2-vinylpyridine. Azo compounds specified are a ,a 1-azodiisobutyronitrile; a ,a 1-azobis-(a ,g -dimethyl valeronitrile), dimethyl and di-ethyl-a ,a 1-azodiisobutyrates; 1,1-azodicyclohexane-carbonitrile; a ,a 1-azobis-(a -methylbutyronitrile); a ,a 1-azobis - (a - ethylbutyronitrile); and a ,a 1-azodiisobutyrocarbonamide. The process may be carried out by bulk, emulsion or the granulation methods described in Specifications 427,494 and 444,257. Dyes may be present when peroxy compounds are essentially absent to avoid bleaching, Blue B, Anthraquinone Green G Base, Eastman Fast Violet 5RLF, Phthalocyanine, Copper phthalocyanine, chlorinated copper phthalocyanine and Sulphanthrene Pink FF and various lakes being specified. Pigments such as titanium dioxide and cadmium sulphide may also be added. Long-chain alkyl sulphates, buffers and polymethacrylic acid may be used in the emulsion method, while in one of the examples liquid vinyl chloride is polymerized in the presence of a petroleum fraction known as Deobase. Specifications 471,882 and 477,364 and U.S.A. Specification 2,084,399 also are referred to. |
