| 摘要 |
1. A method for increasing the capacity of an existing urea process, the existing urea process comprising a process in which ammonia and carbon dioxide are fed to a reactor (R) at an elevated pressure (P), in which a reaction mixture (Ml) comprising ammonium carbamate, ammonia, water and urea is prepared, after which, by reducing the pressure once or several times and supplying heat, gaseous ammonia and ammonium carbamate are separated from the reaction mixture in a pressure-reduction section (SC), which reaction mixture results in a liquid mixture (M2) and the gaseous ammonia and ammonium carbamate thus recovered are condensed, in which ammonia (M3') is separated and an aqueous ammoniacal solution of ammonium carbamate (M3) is obtained, which solution (M3) and the ammonia obtained (M3' ) are reused to prepare urea and in which urea is recovered from the mixture (M2) in a urea-recovery section (U), characterized in that (i)a stripping column (S) is added, in which ammonium carbamate from the reaction mixture (Ml) is stripped with carbon dioxide or is thermally stripped at almost the same elevated pressure (P), resulting in a gaseous mixture (G1) and a liquid mixture (M4), which liquid mixture (M4) is fed to the pressure-reduction section (SC), (ii) a condenser (C) is added, which is fed with the gaseous mixture (G1), ammonia and optionally carbon dioxide, in which the gaseous mixture (G1) is condensed at almost the same elevated pressure (P) and at least 30% of the equilibrium amount of urea obtainable under the condensation conditions is furthermore formed, in which a liquid mixture containing urea, water and ammonium carbamate (M5) is formed, which mixture is fed to the bottom of the existing reactor (R), and a gaseous mixture (G2), and (iii) a scrubber (SCR) is added, in which the gaseous mixture (G2) is brought into contact with the aqueous ammoniacal ammonium carbamate solution (M3), in which a liquid (M6) mixture is obtained, which is fed to the condenser (C), and a scrubbed gaseous mixture (G3). 2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that between 50 and 80% of the equilibrium amount of urea obtainable under the condensation conditions is formed in the condenser. 3. Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that the residence time in condenser (C) is 10-30 minutes. 4. Method according to any one of Claims 1-3, characterized in that the condenser (C) is a submerged condenser. 5. Method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the condensation is carried out on the shell side of a horizontally arranged shell-and-tube heat exchanger. 6. Method according to Claim 5, characterized in that the scrubber (SCR) has been placed inside the pressure vessel of the condenser (C). 7. Method according to any one of Claims 1-6, characterized in that the condenser (C) is placed above the reactor (R) in the existing process. 8. Method according to any one of Claims 1-7, characterized in that the stripping in stripping column (S) is carried out with carbon dioxide. 9. Method according to Claim 8, characterized in that carbon dioxide is also fed to the bottom of reactor (R). 10. Method according to any one of Claims 1-9, characterized in that the pressure in reactor (R) of the new process is between 15 and 18 MPa. 11. Method according to any one of Claims 1-10, characterized in that the N/C ratio in the condenser (C) and reactor (R) of the new process is between 2.8 and 3.5. 12. Condenser designed as a horizontal submerged condenser in which a scrubber (a) has been placed inside the condenser's pressure shell (b), the condenser being provided with means (c) for feeding a stream to the bottom of the shell side of the condenser, means (d) that ensure a sufficient liquid level and liquid residence time in the condenser, means (e) that enable the gas above the liquid level to leave the condenser via the scrubber, means (f) that ensure that a liquid feed can be fed to the scrubber and means (g) for discharging the liquid mixture from the scrubber from the condenser. 13. Use of a condenser according to Claim 12, characterized in that the pressure in the condenser is between 15 and 18 MPa. 14. Use according to Claim 12, characterized in that at least 30% of the equilibrium amount of urea obtainable under the condensation conditions is formed in the condenser. 15. A plant for manufacturing urea from CO2 and NH3 using a modified solution-recycle process comprising a reactor, a stripper, a pressure reducer, a urea recovery section, a scrubber, an ejector, and a condenser; said reactor providing for the introduction of a first CO2 stream, the effluent from said condenser (M5), and the removal of a first liquid mixture (Ml) ; said stripper providing for the introduction of said first liquid mixture, the introduction of a second CO2 stream, the flow of said second CO2 stream through said stripper being counter current that of said first liquid mixture, the removal of a second liquid mixture (M4) and a first gas mixture (G1); said pressure reducer (SC) providing for the introduction of said second liquid mixture (M4), the removal of a third liquid mixture. |
