| 摘要 |
A dense waveguide division multiplexer (DWDM) is integrated on a single chip with a plurality of tunable attenuators that are connected in series to the output waveguides of the DWDM in order to equalize the power level on the output waveguides. In the preferred embodiment, the attenuators are thermo-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer (TMZs) with a tunable range of 0 to 6 dB and a response time of approximately 1-10 milliseconds (ms). A heat sink is attached to the back of the chip to dissipate the heat from the TMZs and to reduce thermal crosstalk. In order to achieve a 3 dB loss on one of the output waveguides via the corresponding TMZ attenuator, approximately 0.25 W is required. In an alternative embodiment, the attenuators are variable stress Mach-Zehnder interferometers (VSMZs).
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