| 摘要 |
Explosive liquid nitric acid esters of aliphatic polyhydric alcohols are prepared by continuously force feeding a stream of polyhydric alcohol through a tubular path to an elongated tubular reaction zone, simultaneously and continuously force feeding a stream of nitrating acid through a second tubular path to said elongated tubular reaction zone, impinging the separate streams of alcohol and acid upon each other at sufficient flow rates to form a turbulent reaction mixture stream in the tubular reaction zone, continuously advancing the resultant reaction mixture stream through the reaction zone at a flow rate corresponding to a Reynolds number of at least about 1000 until substantially all of the alcohol has reacted to form the nitric ester, and thereafter separating the liquid ester from spent nitrating acid. The nitrating acid may be precooled before introduction into the reaction zone. Spent acid may be fortified with sulphuric and nitric acids and recycled. The preferred nitrating acid contains 18-40% HNO3, 45-70% H2SO4 and 11-17% H2O, and is preferably used in 6-30 times by weight the amount of alcohol. Specified alcohols are glycerol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,2-, 1,3- and 2,5-butanediol, isopropyl ethylene glycol, and glycerol a -chlorohydrin. The tubular reaction zone may be uncooled or partly or completely cooled. The separated liquid nitric ester may be washed in one or more stages by mixing a stream thereof with a stream of aqueous washing liquid, separating the ester from the washing liquid between each wash. The invention also comprises apparatus suitable for carrying out the above process. Specification 783,405 is referred to.
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