| 摘要 |
Organo tin halides are prepared by reacting a stannous halide with an organic halide having at least one atom of Cl, Br or I attached to an aliphatic C atom, in the presence of a catalyst comprising combined divalent sulphur and/or divalent selenium. The catalysts may be RSH (where R is an organic group), RSeH, or metal salts thereof, HS-R-SH, HSe-R-SeH, R-S-R1, R-Se-R, R-S-S-R, R-Se-Se-R, R-(S)x-R, salts and esters of thiophosphoric and thiophosphorous acids, xanthic acid, dithiocarbamic acid and thiocarboxylic acids, RCSNH2, CS2, P2S5, S2Cl2, Se2Cl2, thiourea, elemental sulphur containing interlinked divalent S atoms, and substances forming divalent Se and S compounds during the reaction, e.g. dimethyl sulphoxide. Co-catalysts may also be present, e.g. Mg, Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Co, Ni, Al, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ca, Cr, or compounds or alloys thereof, Br2, I2, ICl, ICl3, IBr, a compound liberating I2 under reaction conditions, e.g. RI, or mixtures thereof. The catalyst is preferably present as 0.02-0.5 moles per mole of stannous halide and the co-catalyst as up to 0.1 mole per mole. The organic halide may be an alkyl chloride having 4-8 C atoms. The reactants may be dissolved in a solvent, e.g. a hydrocarbon, or a solvent containing combined oxygen, e.g. ethers. The reaction may be carried out at 50-250 DEG C. and under autogeneous pressure. |
