| 摘要 |
The present invention provides for the regulation of the rate of a chemical reaction within the aqueous micelles within a microemulsion of water in supercritical carbon dioxide. Increase in pressure increases the concentration of an ionized reaction component (reactant, catalyst or reaction initiator) within the reverse micelles, thus increasing the rate of the reaction or allowing the reaction to initiate. Similarly, the reaction rate can be slowed by decreasing the pressure, thus decreasing the amount of water and ionized components in the reverse micelles. Decrease in the pressure below a critical level results in the reaction stopping when the concentration of a ionized reaction component falls to a sufficiently low level. Advantages of the present methods of regulating reactions in microemulsions in supercritical carbon dioxide include the speed with which pressure can be changed, the potential for the production of very small and uniform particles (reaction products, such as from polymerization reactions) and the nontoxic nature of the water and carbon dioxide portions of the microemulsions.
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