| 摘要 |
The present invention is directed, among other things, to methods for reducing fouling of a separation membrane having a concentrate side subject to a concentrate pressure (Pc) and a permeate side subject to a pressure (Pp), comprising raising an initial permeate pressure (Ppo) to an increased permeate pressure (Pp1). The present invention further provides a method of reducing fouling of a membrane having a concentrate side subject to a concentrate pressure (Pc) and permeate side subject to a permeate pressure (Pp), comprising periodically raising an initial permeate pressure (Ppo) to an increased permeate pressure (Pp1). Additionally, the present invention provides an improved apparatus for filtering a fluid and methods of reducing membrane fouling in a separation membrane (18) using the apparatus, the improved apparatus comprising a feed inlet (2) having a pump (6), a filtering apparatus, a concentrate line (20) and a permeate line (30), the improvement comprising: on the feed inlet a first gauge (10) for measuring pressure and a controller for controlling pressure of the fluid passing through the feed inlet pump or for controlling the speed of the feed inlet pump; on the permeate line, a second gauge (23) for measuring pressure and a pressure controller for controlling pressure of the fluid passing through the permeate line; and on the concentrate line, a third guage (22) for measuring the pressure of the fluid passing through the concentrate side.
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