| 摘要 |
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve electrification performance while preventing image flow by making difference between charge movement obtained in the middle of electrification and the charge movement obtained after image formation by using the surface layer of an image carrier whose resistance value becomes small as an electric field intensity becomes strong. SOLUTION: The image carrier 1 is provided with the surface layer 1e whose volume resistivity is changed in accordance with the intensity of the electric field, and an electrostatic image provided with a dark potential VD (V) and a bright potential VL (V) is formed on the image carrier 1. An image forming means provided with an electrifying member 2 which can be brought into contact with the image carrier 1 in order to electrify the image carrier 1 and on which a voltage can be impressed is provided. When the resolution of the electrostatic image is defined as a(dot/μm), the volume resistivity RDL(Ωcm) of the surface layer 1e in the electric field of|VD-VL|×a is larger than 1.0×10<11>Ωcm, is twice as much or more as the volume resistivity RD(Ωcm) of the surface layer 1e in the electric field of VD×a, and RD is smaller than 2.0×10<13>Ωcm. Thus, the electrification performance can be improved while the image flow is prevented.
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