Charging member, process cartridge using the same and electrophotographic apparatus

摘要

A charging member for charging a charge-receiving member, such as an electrophotographic photosensitive member, by disposing the charging member in contact with the charge-receiving member and applying a voltage to the charging member is constituted by disposing an electroconductive support, an elastic layer, and a surface coating layer having a tensile modulus of above 2000 kgf/cm2 to at most 30000 kgf/cm2 in this order. The coating layer may preferably contain an acrylic polymer-modified urethane resin. The charging member is effective in providing the charge-receiving member with a nip portion showing a uniform electric resistance distribution for a long period to provide excellent images.