| 摘要 |
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrostatic charging member excellent in the nipping uniformity with a material to be charged and also in the durability by preventing the degradation of the charging performance originating from fast attachment of a toner, etc. SOLUTION: A voltage is impressed on a charging member in the condition that it is pressed to the surface of a member to be charged such as a photo-sensitive element so that the surface of the member is charged, wherein the charging member 1 consists of a conductive support 1a, a conductive elastic substance layer 1b fixed to the support 1a, a resistance adjusting layer 1c enclosing the elastic substance layer 1b, and a protection layer 1d laminated on the layer 1c. The protection layer 1d is formed from a silicon series compound such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, carborandum, and silicon oxide series ceramics or silicon nitride series ceramics having substituent or non-substituent organic radical, and the silicon series ceramics is prepared by pyrolyzing polysilazanes at 80-200 deg.C. The protection layer 1d should have a hardness of 6H or more according to the pencil hardness criterion while its film thickness should lie within the range 0.1-3.5μm.
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