Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aldehyden durch Hydroformylierung von Olefinen

摘要

A process is proposed for producing aldehydes and alcohols by hydroformylation of olefins with more than three carbon atoms. The process involves a hydroformylation stage, in which the olefin is hydroformylated at a pressure of 50-1000 bar and a temperature of 50-180 DEG C with the aid of a rhodium catalyst dissolved in an homogeneous reaction medium, and a catalyst recovery stage, in which the rhodium catalyst is extracted. The process involves the following steps: (a) hydroformylation carried out in the presence of a rhodium complex containing a ligand in the form of a phosphorous-free multidentate organic nitrogen compound capable of forming complexes with group VIII metals, said nitrogen compound containing in addition at least one tertiary nitrogen rest which can be protonated with a weak acid; (b) extraction of the product from the hydroformylation stage, where appropriate after separation or partial separation of the aldehydes and alcohols, using an aqueous solution of a distillable acid; (c) heat treatment of the aqueous acid extract in the presence of an organic solvent or solvent mixture which is inert under the hydroformylation conditions, the aqueous acid being distilled off, in order to de-protonate the complex and convert it to the organic phase; and (d) recycling of the organic phase containing the catalyst complex into the hydroformylation stage.