| 摘要 |
Composite artificial fibres are made by spinning a mixture of viscose and a protein derivative having a nitrile radical, a derivative produced by further chemically treating a protein derivative having a nitrile radical or a protein derivative which has a nitrile radical and to which a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated radical has been graft-polymerized. The protein derivative may be (1) one which has been obtained by the addition reaction of a protein and a nitrile compound having an epoxy radical, (2) one obtained by the addition reaction of a protein and a nitrile compound having an ethylenically unsaturated radical, (3) one obtained by the graft polymerization of a protein and a nitrile compound having an ethylenically unsaturated radical, (4) one obtained by reacting a low or high molecular weight aldehyde compound with a protein derivative having a nitrile radical, or (5) one obtained by polymerizing or graft polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer with a protein derivative having a nitrile group. The proportion of the protein derivative to be mixed with viscose may be 5-50% by weight, preferably 10-30%, and desirably 10-25% based on the cellulose in the viscose. Specified proteins include cow milk casein, corn protein casein, soybean protein and peanut casein. An extensive theoretical discussion is given. In examples:-(1) Cyanopropylated casein is made by treating a mixture of casein, water and caustic soda with 2-cyano-methyl-ethylene oxide. (2) Tetracyanoethylated casein is made by treating a solution of casein in caustic soda with tetracyanoethylene. (3) Cyanoethylated casein is made by treating a solution of casein in caustic soda with acrylonitrile. (4) A solution of casein in caustic soda is treated with vinylidene cyanide, and polymerization of the latter initiated by addition of hydrogen peroxide. (5) A dispersion of casein in aqueous caustic soda is treated with acrylonitrile and to the reaction mixture, after heating at 55 DEG C. for 3 hours, is then added 2 mols acrolein, 2 mols formaldehyde and 1 mol dialdehyde starch, and an addition reaction allowed to proceed at 50 DEG C. for 2 hours. (6) e -hydroxycyanoethylated casein is made by treating a mixture of casein, water and caustic soda with 2-cyanoethylene oxide, and the casein derivative then mixed with a solution in 1% aqueous borax of a copolymer of acrolein and vinyl alcohol. (7) Each of the monomers styrene, methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate is separately polymerized in an alkaline aqueous solution of tetracyanoethylated casein made as in (2). Solutions or emulsions obtained in all these examples are mixed with viscose to form a solution useful in spinning viscose-modified casein fibres (see Division B5).
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