| 摘要 |
A method and an apparatus for rapidly charging a battery. The preferred charging method comprises applying one or more charging pulses (C1, C2), separated by a waiting period (CW1), with the last charging pulse, if there are more than one, being followed by a second waiting period (CW2). This is then followed by a series of discharging pulses (D1, D2, D3), which are separated by waiting periods (DW1, DW2), and followed by a last waiting period (DW3) before the occurrence of the next charging pulse (C1). The discharging pulses preferably have a magnitude which is approximately the same as the magnitude of the charging pulses but which have a duration which is substantially smaller than the duration of the charging pulses. The discharging pulses serve to create and disperse ions throughout the electrolyte of the battery so that the ions do not shield the plates of the battery from further charge transfer. Multiple discharge pulses are used rather than a single discharging pulse so that natural chemical and electrical gradients within the battery will serve to disperse the ions more evenly throughout the electrolyte. The use of discharging pulses of an extremely small duration does not cause any significant discharge of the battery but does increase the rate at which the battery can be charged and the efficiency with which the battery can be charged, thereby minimizing charging time and battery heating. Also disclosed are a method and an apparatus for thawing and charging a frozen battery, for formatting a new battery, for determining the state of formation of a battery, and for determining the state of charge of a battery. |
