| 摘要 |
FIELD: electrochemistry; special additions for improvement of properties of electrolytes for lead-acid cells and batteries. SUBSTANCE: electrolyte stabilizer consists of surface-active substance which decreases surface tension on electrolyte-electrode phase boundary, and inhibitor preventing growth of sulfate crystals on lead plates of electrodes. Sulfanol is used as surface-active substance, and 1.4-butinediol, as inhibitor, ratio 5:1. Concentration of stabilizer in electrolyte is 0.6 g per liter. Sulfanol decreasing surface tension of electrolyte improves wettability of lead electrodes, increases speed of lead dissolving and creates conditions for adsorbing of molecules of inhibitor on their surfaces. Such adsorption precludes growing of crystals and distorts their lattice which contributes to between dissolving of lead sulfate in electrolyte and more uniform deposition of lead sulfate on electrodes. 1.4-butinediol, adsorbing on growing ice crystals in electrolyte precludes their growth, thus lowering electrolyte freezing point and adsorbing on floating up gas bubbles, 1.4-butinediol contributes to forming fine-bubble froth on electrolyte surface which prevents evaporation of water from electrolyte. Gas bubbles actively float harmful impurities to electrolyte surface, mainly, iron compounds. Electrolyte stabilizer can be used in the form of powder, paste or concentrated water solution under normal operating conditions of storage batteries. EFFECT: possibility to create unattended storage batteries of high capacity, and enhanced reliability. |
