| 摘要 |
<p>The invention relates to a process of determining the surface tension in a liquid by generating gas bubbles in the liquid. The gas bubbles are preferably formed from gas that is in-situ generated and the gas bubbles are preferably in-situ monitored, e.g. by way of an electrode. The surface tension may be measured during a washing process. Preferred electrodes that may be used in the process are electrodes that contain only one nucleation site. The process is preferably performed using an apparatus comprising a gas bubble generation unit and a detection unit to monitor gas bubbles, wherein the detection unit preferably generates a signal that is used for feedback control of the gas bubble generation unit.</p> |
