| 摘要 |
Flameless chemical heaters based on the iron-promoted magnesium-water reaction (Mg+H2O->Mg(OH)2+H2) are reliable and potentially useful. The major limitation to their widespread application is the cogeneration of flammable dihydrogen gas in this reaction. The invention is a new chemical composition that removes this drawback by producing a controlled surge of heat without the release of large quantities of dangerous dihydrogen gas. The release of H2 gas is avoided by completely or almost completely suppressing H2 creation rather than by removing H2 after it is created. The reagents that suppress dihydrogen gas generation react with and remove (i.e., scavenge) precursors of H2 such as aquated electrons and H-atoms. The overall heat-generating reactions of the invention, for example, Mg+CuCl2->Mg2++2Cl-+Cu0 release more heat per unit weight of magnesium than the Mg-H2O reaction; in this case, approximately 70% more heat. Flameless chemical heaters using iron-promoted magnesium with various scavengers of H2 precursors can be formulated for diverse and safe applications, especially where numerous rations or medical supplies are to be heated in confined spaces such as cockpits, tents, and underwater shelters, without concern for explosion or fire.
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