| 摘要 |
FIELD: means protecting personnel of medical and industrial X-ray rooms against X-ray radiation. SUBSTANCE: X-ray shielding apron includes main panel and fastener, additional small flaps, breast and back panels, sleeves, high collar and hygienic covers, all or part of them in various combinations jointed to main panel with the aid of releasable or permanent connections. Flaps on main panel come on front and back from arm-pits up to medium line of shoulders, breast and back panels cover body on front from mark 200-600 mm beneath edge of main panel and over shoulder backwards from medium line of shoulders downwards to mark 10-1300 mm. Sleeves cover arms from front, from sides and from back or from front and sides and have length 100-400 mm from medium line of shoulders. High collar has height 40-100 mm and covers neck from all sides. It has fastened on front or sides. Hygienic covers cover surfaces of entire apron or its elements on side of body and from outside or only from one side. Main panel and breast and panels are manufactured from one or several layers of X-ray shielding cloth with thickness of each layer amounting to 1/2 or 1/3 or 1/4 ... or 1/10-th of thickness of single layer providing for required level of protection of breast zone all together ensuring required level of protection of breast zone and back which are assembled in package with superimposition on each other or by means of releasable or permanent connections over entire area, perimeter or over perimeter and one or several lines or are manufactured from several layers of cloth with part of them or all having continuous, discontinuous or crossing cuts or their combinations through entire thickness of cloth and length 5-400 mm which divide panels in vertical or horizontal directions into zones-strips of 20-400 mm width displaced in adjacent layers relative to each other by 1/2-1/4 width of zone-strip. Discontinuous and crossing cuts in one layer are arranged in symmetry with reference to each other or with displacement of 1/2-1/4 length of cut. Sleeves are manufactured from one or several layers of continuous X-ray shielding cloth which on the whole provide for required level of protection of zone of arms or from layers of cloth divided into strips having width 10-100 mm with cuts so that zone of continuous cloth 10-50 mm wide is kept along medium line of shoulder or along medium line and over perimeter of blank and strips going from zone of medium line of shoulder and descending from shoulder butt joined to each other form shield, also that joints of strips in adjacent layers are displaced relative to each other by 1/2-1/4 width of strip or joints are manufactured from layers of individual strips 10-50 mm wide. Sleeves are joined to main panel along medium line of shoulder and perimeter of small flaps or also along line of shoulder. High collar is manufactured from one or several layers of continuous X-ray shielding cloth on the whole ensuring required level of protection of zone of neck or of layers of cloth divided by cuts from above to 0.7-0.95 height of collar into strips 10-140 mm wide and joined to main panel along line of neck cut so that cuts in adjacent layers are displaced with regard to each other by 1/2-1/4 width of strips. EFFECT: reduced dose of radiation absorbed by radiologist, increased time of his stay in radiation zone, diminished hardness of X-ray shielding cloth and articles from it, decreased weight of article with simultaneous increase of degree of protection, reduced or excluded overheating of body and provision for capability of variation of degree of protection of various zones of body. |
