| 摘要 |
The fuel oil-substituted fullerene compositions of the invention are useful for improving the cold flow properties of fuels. Typically the substituted fullerenes have the general formula CFn(GRy)x, where CFn is a fullerene, n is the number of carbon atoms in the fullerene, x is an integer from 1 up to the maximum number of sites on the fullerene molecule available for adding substituent groups, G is a linking group that may be absent or present, and when present is an oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phenol, aniline, Mannich base or diazocarboxylate-derived group, y is an integer determined by the identity of G, and when y equals 1 R is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group and when y equals 2 at most one R may be hydrogen while the remainder are hydrocarbyl groups, and the R group may be the same or different, and wherein when x is greater than 1 the GRy may be the same or different and at most one R may be hydrogen. Also included in the invention are additive concentrates, the substituted fullerenes in the fuel and a liquid carrier medium, and the method of using the substituted fullerenes to improve cold flow properties of fuels.
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