Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polymerisaten

摘要

The invention comprises (1) a ,a -dimethylallyl isocyanate; (2) compounds of the formula H2C=C(CH3)-(Arylene)n-C(CH3)2NCO wherein n is 0 or 1; (3) compounds of the formula (OCN)(CH3)2C-Arylene-C(CH3)2NCO and (4) the preparation of these and other isocyanates by contacting isocyanic acid at a temperature of 25 DEG to 200 DEG C. with at least one vinylidene compound of the formula H2C=CR1R2 wherein R1 represents hydrogen or a C1- 12 hydrocarbyl radical, R2 represents a C1- 12 hydrocarbyl radical which may be substituted by groups inert to isocyanic acid (e.g. alkoxy, acyloxy and halogen) and in which any carbon atom adjacent to an ethylenically or acetylenically bonded carbon atom is unsubstituted, or R1 and R2, together with the carbon atom between them, form a substituted or unsubstituted cyclic hydrocarbylene structure containing not more than 12 carbon atoms and in which any carbon atom adjacent to an ethylenically or acetylenically bonded carbon atom is unsubstituted and any substituent is inert to isocyanic acid. The above monoisocyanate may be reacted with aniline and 2-ethylhexylamine to form the corresponding ureas, e.g. CH2=CHC(CH3)2NHCONHC8H17.ALSO:a ,a -Dimethylallylisocyanate and isocyanates of the formula H2C = C(CH3)-(Arylene)n-C(CH3)2NCO where n is 0 or 1, may be polymerized alone or with other polymerizable vinyl-type monomers in the presence or absence of peroxy or azo catalysts, boron trifluoride etherate and solvents such as toluene or isooctane. The resulting polymers may be cast into films and cured with dibutyl tin, dilaurate, meta-phenylene diamine or glycols. Specified co-monomers are ethylene, styrene, acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate. Diisocyanates of the formula (OCN)(CH3)2C-Arylene-C(CH3)2NCO are reacted with glycols such as polytetramethylene oxide glycol, polyethylene oxide glycol, hexamethylene glycol and decamethylene glycol to form polyurethanes; with water or diamines such as ethylene diamine, hexamethylene diamine, decamethylene diamine and a diamine of the formula to form polyureas; and with other bifunctional compounds in which hydroxy, amino and carboxylic groups are separated by 4 to 12 methylene units, such as adipic acid, oxalic acid, b -aminopropionic acid, caprolactam, methanedithiol and ethanolamine to give polymeric products. Solvents such as dimethylformamide may be used and catalysts such as tertiary amines may be present. The polymers have molecular weights ranging from 5000 to 167,000 and may be used as coatings, adhesives, textile treating agents and for making moulded objects, e.g. buttons. Alternatively, the above diisocyanates may be used to cross-link polymers containing OH and/or NH2 groups.