| 摘要 |
1,068,238. Clutch control; friction clutches. FORD MOTOR CO. Ltd. Aug. 4, 1964 [Sept. 9, 1963], No. 31488/64. Headings F2C and F2L. A motor vehicle friction clutch 90 engaged by a diaphragm spring 98 is disengaged by hydraulic pressure applied to an annular release piston 106 under control of (a) an engine speed responsive governor valve 110 rotating with the clutch and causing automatic clutch engagement at speeds above engine idle for starting the vehicle, and (b) a gear-shift operated valve 164 actuated electrically by initial movement of a shift lever 224, controlling a three-speed and reverse countershaft gear, to disengage the clutch during gearshift and permit it to reengage after shift, the governor valve determining the rate of re-engagement when the shift is made with the engine throttle substantially closed. A negative-torque one-way coil spring clutch 246 in parallel with the friction clutch 90 ensures that forward input speed can never fall below output speed, preventing the governor valve alone from causing complete disengagement during shift and also permitting push-starting of the engine. Fluid-pressure supply and regulation.-Pressure liquid for clutch disengagement is supplied from two sources as follows. A gear-pump 150 driven by the engine flywheel and arranged concentrically behind the clutch provides the main pressure supply. To provide clutch disengagement when the engine is not running, e.g. to facilitate neutralizing the gear following parking against engine compression on a gradient, the gear-shift operated valve 164 is itself continuously reciprocated at this time to act as a pump by cycling the electric supply to its solenoid actuator 174 under control of a flasher unit 216. Pressure regulation is by a relief valve 198, the spring of which is loaded by a temperature transducer 202 which increases regulated pressure at low engine temperatures to prevent automatic clutch engagement at cold fast idle speeds. Clutch construction (Fig. 1A, not shown).- The disengaging piston (106) acts on the outer periphery of the diaphragm spring (98) which applies engaging pressure at an intermediate radius to the twin driven discs (94). The passages controlled by the governor valve (110) are cored in theflywheel (74) and completed bya cover-plate (122). Operation.-Assuming the vehicle initially stationary and parked against engine compression on a gradient, it would normally be very difficult to move the gear shift lever 224 from the gear position to the neutral position due to torque-loading on the gears. To obtain clutch release, the initial movement of the shift lever towards neutral moves a cam 220 to close a switch 214 which acts through a flasher unit 216 to repeatedly open and close a relay 204, causing the shift valve spool 164 to reciprocate to pump oil from a sump 192 through a line 194, non-return valves 196, 186, and lines 182, 184 to disengage the clutch 90. When the lever 224 reaches the neutral position, the cam 220 closes a switch 232, to short-circuit the switch 214 and flasher 216, holding the relay 204 closed and the valve spool 164 to the right (Fig. 3), and at the same time the switch 232 completes the starter circuit so that the engine can be started. The engine then drives the pump 150 which supplies oil to maintain clutch disengagement. On moving the shift lever 224 to a gear engaged position, the switches 214, 232 and relay 204 are opened and the valve spool 164 moves leftwards to divert oil from the pump 150 into a line 134 to the governor valve 110. Below a predetermined engine speed the governor valve connects the line 134 to the clutch cylinder 108 to maintain clutch disengagement. Above that speed, this connection is closed and oil from the cylinder 108 is allowed to drain through an orifice 242 to a lubrication line 132, so that the spring 98 engages the clutch. At higher engine speeds, the valve 110 connects the line 134 to a lubricant line 130, the pump 150 then acting as a lubricant circulator. For a gear shift from one ratio to another, the lever 224 is first moved to neutral, allowing the valve 164 to pressurize the clutch disengaging line 184, the clutch being reengaged as the gear lever is moved to a new gear position. . |
