Method and apparatus for evaluating formation resistivity using focused annular and azimuthal electrodes

摘要

The apparatus includes an array of azimuthal current electrodes (Aazi) that are circumferentially spaced apart from one another on a body together with two annular guard electrodes (A2) disposed on opposite sides of the array of azimuthal current electrodes (Aazi). Measurement currents (Iazi) are emitted by the current electrodes (Aazi) and focusing currents are emitted by the guard electrodes (A2). Azimuthal monitor electrodes (Mazi) are associated with respective ones of the azimuthal current electrodes (Aazi). Two annular monitor electrodes (M3, M4) are disposed on opposite sides of the array of azimuthal current electrodes (Aazi). For focusing purposes, a servo-control system controls the emission of the currents so as to substantially cancel the potential difference detected between the short circuited monitor electrodes (M3, M4) and each of the azimuthal monitor electrodes (Mazi). In response to the measurement currents (Iazi), output signals (Razi) are generated representative of the resistivity of the formations in a plurality of directions around the axis of the borehole. A high resolution output signal (Rhr) is also generated as a function of the sum of the measurement currents (Iazi).