| 摘要 |
A low profile heater (11) coupled with a good insulator (36) is mounted directly on the aircraft skin (30), preferably on an aerodynamic surface. The heater (11) has a low aerodynamic profile, resulting in only a 0.004 % increase in drag. The heater (11) can be mounted over the aluminum wing panel (30), particularly over a wing tank which sometimes contains cold soaked fuel. A sealant (52) on the wing panel bonds the insulated heating assembly (70). The heating device itself consists of a lower metal skin (53) bonded to an insulator layer (55) which in turn is bonded to a central metal skin (57), a heater element assembly (59), and an upper metal skin (61). Each element of the assembly may be made from a variety of materials. The preferred metal skin is aluminum, the preferred insulator is a honeycomb. The layers are preferably bonded with a structural adhesive. |
