| 摘要 |
The present invention is an apparatus for manipulating fluid flow. The apparatus includes a member having a channel through which fluid flows and at least one opening of a predetermined diameter in communication with the channel. The opening controls the fluid flow thereacross. At least a portion of the member is in thermal contact with the opening and is made of a material reactive with electromagnetic energy. There is also a device for providing electromagnetic energy. The providing device is in communication with the portion of the member reactive to electromagnetic energy such that the electromagnetic energy heats the portion of the member. The present invention also pertains to an apparatus for restricting fluid flow. The restricting apparatus includes a member having a first surface, a second surface opposing the first surface and an opening between the first and second surface for restricting the fluid flow therethrough. The member is made of sapphire or ruby. Preferably, the opening has a first diameter at the top surface and a second diameter at the bottom surface, the first diameter is greater than the second diameter. The present invention also pertains to a method of manipulating fluid flow. The method comprises the first step of heating with electromagnetic radiation a fluid restrictor, followed by the step of flowing fluid through the restrictor.
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