Zusatz zu Gusseisenschmelzen zum Entschwefeln und zur Kugelgraphitbildung

摘要

Molten iron is desulphurized and/or nodularized by pouring it into a vessel e.g. a ladle to a part of which, below the surface of the molten iron and preferably to the base, is cemented a multi-layer product comprising in order (see Fig. 2) a layer 3 containing elemental magnesium, magnesium silicide, a composition which liberates magnesium on heating, mixtures thereof or any other desulphurizing and/or nodularizing agent for molten iron, a layer 4 of heat-insulating refractory material and a layer 5 containing an exothermic composition which on firing generates a high melting point fluid slag, the cementing agent being the slag formed, on cooling, from firing the exothermic layer 5 of the product. When the layer 3 is magnesium-containing, e.g. magnesium in powder form, and containing a rare-earth metal, e.g. up to 3% Ce, together with powdered carbon and sodium silicate binder, it may carry as outer layers at least one layer of a desulphurizing agent other than magnesium, e.g. first a layer 2 containing calcium carbide or silicide, then a layer 1 containing an alkali metal carbonate such as Na2CO3, each together with powdered carbon and sodium silicate binder. Alternatively, layer 3 may consist of a porous refractory material, such as bauxite, alumino-silicate fire-brick, grog, furnace aggregate or suitable porous metal, SiC or carbon impregnated with magnesium. A composition which liberates magnesium on heating preferably contains a magnesium halide and a reducing agent: e.g. 27.5% MgF2, 1% cryolite, 1% ceric oxide and 70.5% calcium silicide. The refractory layer 4 may comprise dolomite, sand, zircon sand or chamotte. The exothermic layer 5 may comprise a readily oxidizable element, such as Al, Si or Mg, and an oxidizing agent, such as iron oxide, MnO2, alkali or alkaline earth metal nitrates or chlorates or mixtures thereof, preferably together with a siliceous ingredient to form the fluid slag, e.g. calcium silicide, ferrosilicon or silica, with or without 0.1 to 15% of a fluoride preferably of alkali or alkaline earth metals or a complex fluoride, e.g. cryolite, AlF3, titano-, silico- or boro-fluorides.ALSO: Molten iron is desulphurized and/or nodularized by pouring it into a vessel, e.g. a ladle, to a part of which, below the surface of the molten iron and preferably to the base, is cemented a multi-layer product comprising in order (see Fig. 2), a layer 3 containing elemental magnesium, magnesium silicide, a composition which liberates magnesium on heating, mixtures thereof or any other desulphurizing and/or nodularizing agent for molten iron, a layer 4 of heat-insulating refractory material and a layer 5 containing an exothermic composition which on firing generates a high melting point fluid slag, the cementing agent being the slag formed, on cooling, from firing the exothermic layer 5 of the product. When the layer 3 is magnesium-containing such as consisting of magnesium in powder form and containing a rare-earth metal, e.g. up to 3% Ce, together with powdered carbon and sodium silicate binder, it may carry as outer layers at least one layer of a desulphurizing agent other than magnesium, e.g. first a layer 2 containing calcium carbide or silicide, then a layer 1 containing an alkali metal carbonate such as Na2CO3, each together with powdered carbon and sodium silicate binder. Alternatively, layer 3 may consist of a porous refractory material, such as bauxite, alumino-silicate fire-brick, grog, furnace aggregate or suitable porous metal, SiC or carbon impregnated with magnesium. A composition which liberates magnesium on heating preferably contains a magnesium halide and a reducing agent: e.g. 27.5% MgF2, 1% cryolite, 1% ceric oxide and 70.5% calcium silicide. The refractory layer 4 may comprise dolomite, sand, zircon sand or chamotte. The exothermic layer 5 may comprise a readily oxidizable element, such as Al, Si or Mg, and an oxidizing agent, such as iron oxide, MnO2, alkali or alkaline earth metal nitrates or chlorates or mixtures thereof, preferably together with a siliceous ingredient to form the fluid slag, e.g. calcium silicide, ferrosilicon or silica, with or without 0.1-15% of a fluoride preferably of alkali or alkaline earth metals or a complex fluoride, e.g. cryolite, AlF3, titano-, silico- or boro-fluorides.