| 摘要 |
Various techniques are disclosed for improving airtight two-phase heat-transfer systems employing a heat-transfer fluid to transfer heat from a heat source to a heat sink while circulating - usually with the assistance of a pump - around a fluid circuit, the maximum temperature of the heat sink being, at a given instant in time, lower than the maximum temperature of the heat source at that given instant in time. The techniques disclosed endow an airtight two-phase heat-transfer system with two or more of eight properties named "complete minimum-pressure maintenance", "partial minimum-pressure maintenance", "freeze protection", "self regulation", "refrigerant-controlled heat release", "gas-controlled heat release", "refrigerant-controlled heat absorption", and "evaporator liquid-refrigerant injection". Perhaps the three most important of the above eight properties are the first, second, and eighth, properties. The first and second properties ensure the total internal pressure respectively throughout, and inside part of, an airtight two-phase heat-transfer system does not fall - while the system is inactive and is in thermal equilibrium with its environment - below a preselected minimum pressure higher than the saturated-vapor pressure of the system's heat-transfer fluid. The eighth property allows heat to be removed from structures subjected to high heat fluxes without requiring them to be immersed in liquid refrigerant, thereby not imposing significant constraints on the tilt of those structures. |
