| 摘要 |
Hydrocarbon conversion, e.g. hydrocracking, isomerization, polymerization, dehydrocyclization, dehydrogenation and reforming is effected in the presence of a catalyst made by contacting a solid oxide of an element of Group IV having surface hydroxyl groups with (1) an ionic solution of a salt of a Group III metal such that 0.01 to 3% of cation is distributed evenly over the surface of the oxide and (2) a metal, oxide or sulphide of a metal of Groups I, II and V to VIII, in either order. The catalyst may be used to crack petroleum fractions containing more than 50% boiling above 250 DEG C., e.g. 370 DEG to 600 DEG C., wax distillates or gas oils. Typical conditions are: Temperature 450-900 DEG F. Pressure 250-3000 p.s.i.g. Space Velocity 0.2-5.0 Hydrogen rate 1000-20,000 SCF/B. Examples given include (a) the isomerization of C10- 13 n-paraffins, (b) the conversion of n-hexene under various conditions to mixtures containing inter alia iso-hexane, methyl cyclopentane, and benzene, and (c) treatment of cis-butene-2 to cause cis-trans isomeration, double bond shift or dimerization, the latter resulting mainly in trimethyl pentenes and dimethyl hexenes but with some n-octene and cyclic hydrocarbons being formed.ALSO:Hydrocarbon conversion catalysts are prepared by contacting a solid oxide of a Group IV element on a material containing such an oxide with an ionic solution of a salt of a metal of Group III under conditions such that ions of a Group III metal are incorporated onto the surface of the oxide in an amount of 0.01 to 3% by weight, a catalytic component being incorporated also, either after or before the Group III ions. SiO2, TiO2 and ZrO2 are specified as Group IV oxides Al3+, Ga and In are specified Group III ions. Specified catalytic components are Cr, Zn, Co, Ni, Pt, Pd, Mg. Nearly all the examples include Pd as a catalyst component. |
