| 摘要 |
The oligomeric polynitroalcohols (OPNA) are used as components for lacquer coatings and latex dispersers. This method is implemented with outgoing reagents, the reaction occurs under mild conditions, with temperatures between 30 and 60 degrees C, a reduced duration (from 30 minutes to 4 hours) and a relatively high output (between 60 and 90%), with just one by-product product. The oligomeric polynitroalcohols contain primary or secondary hydroxyl groups and nitro groups in the aliphatic chain or simultaneously in the aliphatic chain and the aromatic nucleus with periodic units:<IMAGE>where: A is NO2; S is between 2 and 5; Z is OH or <IMAGE> is C = O; R is H, CH3, C2H5, n - C3H7; D is between 1 and 4; and H is NO2 or H, with end methyl groups and average molecular mass from 1,000 to 1,500. This method is accomplished by condensing nitro-oligomers from butadienestyrol rubber with formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanol, n-butanol, at proportion of nitrooligomer: aldehyde - from 2 to 5 to 0.5 to 1, in a water solution of alkaline bases or 1,4-dioxane, ethylene alcohol with alkaline catalysts (sodium base, potassium base, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, etc.) at a temperature from 30 to 60 degrees C, from 30 minutes to 4 hours.
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