| 摘要 |
Procedure based on X-ray diffraction for measuring the stress state of metals, in particular austenitic steels. In the procedure the detector surface (10) is inclined about an axis (A-A) lying on the surface of the sample (20) being examined which is substantially perpendicular to the direction of the stresses ( sigma xx) being examined. By means of the detector surface (10) the diameters (2Sax) of the so-called Debye rings in the direction of the surface being examined are recorded at two or several inclination angles ( psi ). The detector surface (10) has arcuate shape, as viewed in the direction (B-B) at right angles against the inclination axis (A-A), and in the procedure is used such as arcuate detector surface (10) elongated in the direction of said inclination axis (A-A) and narrow enough in the opposite direction that an inclination angle ( psi ) of the detector surface (10) large enough in view of the procedure's implementation is feasible. In the procedure a detector surface (10) is used by which the x-rays reflected from the sample are converted to photosignals, and that on the basis of these photosignals the stresses to be measured are determined. Also disclosed is a measuring instrument in which the detector surface (10) is located symmetrically on both sides of the collimator, and the detector surface (10) is provided with elements (10a, 10b;41) by which the X-ray radiation incident on the detector surface is converted into photosignals, and the apparatus further comprises a unit or units with which the stresses to be measured are derived on the basis of the photosignal.
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