| 摘要 |
1,186,184. Dialysis in annular chamber; centrifugal liquid-contact apparatus. NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORP. 14 March. 1967 [23 March, 19661, No. 12875/66. Headings B1F and BIX. [Also in Division C7] Material dissolved or dispersed in a supporting fluid is separated from the supporting fluid and/or separated into fractions by subjecting it to a force field while passing it through a substantially uninterrupted annular chamber having an outer wall which is rotated relatively to a coaxial inner wall to stabilise flow conditions. The inner wall may be stationary or rotate in the same direction as the outer wall but slower. The separation may be in an electric field (electrophoresis) (see Division C7), magnetic field (magnetophoresis), centrifugal and/or gravitational field (sedimentation), or in a chemical field (diffusion, or dialysis if a membrane is used to magnify the ratio of diffusion constants, partition if two incompletely miscible solvent fluids are concerned; or absorption if there is adherence to a solid surface). The material to be separated may comprise atoms, molecules, particles, droplets, bubbles or biological cells. The supporting fluid may be liquid or gaseous. In the apparatus of Fig. 5, the force field is centrifugal whilst in that of Fig. 6 it is based on partition between two solvents. Each Fig. is a diagram of a section through an annular chamber, only the left hand side of the section being shown. In each apparatus the outer wall rotates relatively to the inner wall. In the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 5 there is centrifugal separation as fluid which contains material to be separated (called the migrant) flows upwardly through the apparatus. Different fractions are collected at different levels where the fluid leaves the apparatus. The taper of the inner wall causes fluid to circulate against that wall as indicated by arrows. In the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 6 a concentrated solution of migrant in a first solvent A is fed in slowly at 901 while a faster stream of solvent A is fed in, in the same direction, at 903 and extracted at 905. A second and heavier solvent B is fed in, in the opposite direction to solvent A, at 907 and is extracted at 909. Migrant components having partition coefficients above or below a critical value emerge at 905 or 909 respectively. The critical value may be altered by varying the relative rates of flow of the solvents. |
