| 摘要 |
<PICT:0386993/III/1> Oils, coal pastes, &c. are treated with steam at 200 atmospheres and a temperature exceeding 500 DEG C. in a reaction chamber, the major portion of the steam being condensed into water under pressure by the transference of heat to the oil. Gases, such as air, hydrogen, ammonia, coal gas, &c., may be supplied and the coal paste may be treated with hydrogen-containing bodies such as formates or hydrides. Steam at 200 atmospheres and superheated to 500 DEG C. or more is led to a reaction vessel 1 from which it passes by a pipe 14 into a dephlegmator 3. Oil is fed to the dephlegmator by a pipe 13 and passes therefrom to the reaction chamber by a pipe 15, the lower part of the dephlegmator being occupied by condensed steam 4 above which is a layer of oil 5. The condensed steam passes to a chamber 6 and thence by a pump 11 to the generator or it may pass through a preheater 7 for the feedwater. A lower temperature may be produced in the dephlegmator by throttling the entering steam or by passing the feedwater through a coil 10 in the top of the dephlegmator. The oil vapours formed leave by a pipe 16.
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