VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON ALDEHYDEN.

摘要

In the prepn. of aldehydes, olefinically unsatd. cpds. are reacted with CO and H2 at 20-150 deg.C and 0.11-20 MPa in the liq. phase in the presence of water and of a water-soluble Rh-contg. complex cpd. as catalyst. The novelty consists in pre-forming the Rh-complex cpd. before starting the hydroformylation reaction, from the Rh salt of a 2-18C carboxylic acid, dissolved in an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, by reaction with CO and H2 at 0.1-1.8 (0.2-0.5) MPa and 50-100 (60-90) deg.C. The reaction takes place in the presence of an aq. soln. of a water-soluble triaryl-phosphine. Alternatively, the triaryl-phosphine soln. is added to the organic phase after the reaction of the Rh salt with CO and H2. (a) The Rh salt is pref. derived from a satd. 2-10 C mono-carboxylic acid, esp. Rh(III)-2-ethyl-hexanoate. (b) The Rh salt is dissolved in pentane, hexane, benzine, toluene or xylene. (c) The concn. of the Rh in the soln. is at least 3000 mg/l. (d) The water-soluble triaryl phosphine has formula (I); where Ar1, Ar2,, Ar3 each = Ph or naphthyl; Y1, Y2, Y3 each = linear or branched 1-4C alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, OH, CN, NO2 or R1R2N- gp.; R1, R2 each = linear or branched 1-4 C alkyl; X1, X2, X3 each = COO-and/or SO3-; m1, m2, m3 each = integer 0-3 provided that at least one of m1, m2, m3 is 1 or more; n1, n2, n3 each = integer 0-5; M = an alkali metal ion, an equiv. of an alkaline earth metal- or Zn ion, an ammonium- or quat. ammonium having formula N(R3R4R5R6)(+) and R3,R4,R5,R6 each = linear or branched 1-18 C alkyl.