| 主权项 |
1. A method of detecting a proton in a sample, the method comprising:
contacting the sample with a proton sensor to form a mixture; exposing the mixture to radiation to obtain an irradiated mixture; monitoring the florescence emission of the irradiated mixture, the proton sensor comprising a compound with an imidazo[1,5-α]pyridinium ion core of the structure of formula (I): wherein R1 is alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, glycoalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or cycloalkyl, and when R1 is aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or cycloalkyl, R1 optionally is substituted with at least one R4, R2 is H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, carbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, ether, thioether, halogen, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl, and when R2 is aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or cycloalkyl, R2 optionally is substituted with at least one R4, R3 isH, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkynoxy, amide, amidino, amine, aryl, arylalkyl, azido, azo, carbamate, carbamide, carbonyl, carboxamido, carboxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, ether, thioether, halogen, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, hydrazine, imino, nitro, phosphate, sulfate, sulfonamide, sulfonyl, sulfide, or thiocarbonyl, and when R3 is alkenyl, alkenoxy, alkynyl, alkynoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or cycloalkyl, R3 optionally is substituted with at least one R4,
each R4 is independently H, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenoxy, alkynyl, alkynoxy, amide, amidino, amino, aryl, arylalkyl, azido, azo, carbamate, carbamide, carbonyl, carboxamido, carboxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, cyano, ether, thioether, halogen, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, hydrazine, imino, nitro, phosphate, sulfate, sulfonamide, sulfonyl, sulfide, or thiocarbonyl, each R5 is independently H, aryl, heteroaryl, ether, thioether, alkyl, alkenyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl, and when R5 is alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or cycloalkyl, R5 optionally is substituted with at least one R4,X− is a counter ion, and n is an integer from 1 to 4,
wherein at least one of R1, R2 and R3 comprises a) a heteroaryl comprising a heteroatom comprising at least one pair of electrons conjugated to the imidazo[1.5-α]pyridinium ion core, the heteroatom being selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus, b) an aryl comprising a substituent comprising a heteroatom comprising at least one pair or electrons conjugated to the aryl, the heteroatom being selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorous, or c) a combination of a) and b). |
