| 摘要 |
The invention provides a boiler for heating a heat transfer fluid, typically water. The boiler, which may be free standing or of the back boiler type comprises a water chamber 13, an ashpit 2, a grate 3, firebox 4 and closed end pipes 5 which project from the water chamber and may therefore be easily cleaned. The water chamber is at least partially lined by a layer of refractory material such as firebrick, 9, in the region of the ashpit 2 and firebox 4. The refractory material 9 serves to insulate the firebox 4 from the water chamber to the extent that heat transfer during the initial stages of combustion is minimised and a rapid build-up of heat occurs. Combustion can also occur at a higher temperature than without the refractory material 9. Heat is transferred to the water in the water chamber via the exposed surfaces of the pipes 5 and is eventually conducted through the refractory layer 9 to the chamber. <IMAGE>
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