| 摘要 |
The riveting is a stud for permanent attachment to a panel having a preformed panel opening. The self-attaching element includes an annular barrel portion having a conical external surface which is press fitted in the panel opening to deform the panel opening and form a mating conical internal surface preventing further penetration of the fastening element into the panel. The free end of the barrel portion, which is preferably cylindrical, is simultaneously deformed outwardly in a die cavity, forming an annular rim which is U or hook- shaped in cross section, where the free end is biased against the panel preventing pull-out of the fastening element.
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