| 摘要 |
Rapid changes in polarisation within times less than 1 mu s can be induced in ferroelectric materials by applying rapid high voltage pulses or by rapid crossings of the phase boundaries between the ferroelectric and antiferroelectric phases, or ferroelectric and paraelectric phases. Rapid phase transitions are produced by rapid high voltage pulses, by mechanical pressure pulses, by rapid heating or by pulses of electromagnetic radiation. The rapid change in polarisation aims to produce high surface charge densities and strong electric fields. The claims relate to processes and apparatuses which use the rapidly created surface charges and their corresponding electric field. The claimed applications are: the production and acceleration of particle beams; the replacing of photocathodes by ferroelectric materials; the production of very strong electric field pulses; the triggering of high-power dischargers; and the detection of particle beams and isolated high-energy particles.
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