| 摘要 |
N-lower alkyl neoalkanamides (N-lower alkyl trialkylacetamides of certain types) of 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the lower alkyl thereof and of 5 to 14 carbon atoms in the neoalkanoyl (or trialkylacetyl) group, e.g., N-methyl- and N-ethyl neodecanamides and N-methyl and N-ethyl neotridecanamides, are new compounds, secondary amides which have insect repellent properties, being especially effective against cockroaches, e.g., the German cockroach. However, they are also useful as repellents for other insects, including American cockroaches, mosquitoes, flies, fleas, ants, and lice. Additionally, they may repel arachnids, such as spiders, ticks and mites. The new neoalkanamides may be synthesized easily, as by reacting a primary lower alkyl amine with a neoalkanoyl halide, e.g. by reacting methyl amine or ethyl amine with neodecanoyl chloride. The most effective of the described amides for insect repellency are normally liquid and are sufficiently volatile to be detectable in air by insects. They may be applied directly to surfaces to be treated or they may be incorporated in detergent compositions, such as built laundry detergents, floor and wall cleaners, rug cleaners and shampoos, hair shampoos, and liquid and bar soaps, and have been found to be sufficiently substantive to the substrate being washed so as to impart insect repelling properties to it. They may be dissolved, dispersed or emulsified (emulsions are considered to be special cases of dispersions) in appropriate liquid media and may be applied to surfaces to be made insect repellent, as by spraying, brushing, wiping or other suitable processes, including "aerosol" spraying from pressurized containers. They have been found to be of long lasting effectiveness, with significant and measurable insect repellency being obtainable for as long as two weeks after application. The described N-lower alkyl neoalkanamides are stable during normal uses, relatively low in manufacturing cost, of high substantivities to substrates, economical to use, unobjectionable in odor to humans, and harmless to humans and animals, and to the environment.
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