| 摘要 |
An optical system coupling a waveguide such as a laser diode (4) to a waveguide such as an optical fibre (6) must transform the beam ellipticity for efficient coupling. The optical system comprises a combination of lenses (8a, 8b, 10) providing independent coupling in two orthogonal directions. The combination of lenses includes first and second lenses each having a respective index which may be homogeneous or inhomogeneous. This enables the optical coupler to provide efficient, low-loss coupling and has particular advantages when coupling an array of waveguides on a semiconductor to optical fibre ''pigtails''.
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