| 摘要 |
<p>A multiple hearth reactor and process for the thermal treatment of organic carbonaceous materials under controlled pressure and temperature comprising in accordance with one embodiment, a pressure vessel containing a plurality of superimposed annular hearths including a series of upper hearths which are angularly inclined downwardly toward the periphery of the reactor defining a preheating zone and a series of lower hearths spaced therebelow defining a reaction zone. The reactor is provided with an inlet in the upper portion thereof for introducing a moist carbonaceous feed material under pressure into the preheat zone and the feed material is transferred by means of rabble arms in an alternating inward and outward direction across the hearths and passes downwardly in a cascading manner through the preheat zone and reaction zone. The solid carbonaceous upgraded reaction product is extracted from the lower portion of the reactor while waste water and product gas are extracted from the upper portion of the preheat zone. The hot reaction gases generated in the reaction zone are passed in countercurrent fashion relative to the feed material to effect a preheating thereof in the preheat zone and the liberation and extraction of moisture therefrom. In accordance with a second embodiment of the apparatus, a separate reactor is employed for effecting a preheating of the feed material and the preheated and partially dewatered feed material is thereafter directly charged into the multiple hearth reactor defining the reaction zone. In operation, the reactor is adapted to operate at temperatures ranging from about 200.degree.F up to about 1200.degree.F or higher at pressures generally ranging from about 300 up to about 3000 psig. Residence times of as little as 1 minute up to about 1 hour or longer can be employed depending upon the nature of the feed material and the desired thermal restructuring of the carbonaceous feed material.</p> |
