| 摘要 |
A four-pole or three-pole structure adapted to propagate an electromagnetic wave, such as an electrical line or cable or electronic component, comprises a lossy non-linear dielectric material distributed in a wave propagation direction. This material has a non-linear conduction characteristic whereby it is substantially non-conductive at any rated applied voltage of the structure and substantially conductive at any abnormally high applied voltage. It consists of a polycrystaline material comprising thin interstitial layers procuring a tunneling or Schottky type effect in response to a high electric field resulting from such abnormally high applied voltages. It absorbs both voltage surges (varistor effect in the time domain) and high-speed transients (lowpass filter effect in the frequency domain). The structure can be used to provide protection against lightning strikes, nuclear electromagnetic pulses, electrostatic discharges and radio-frequency interference in general.
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