| 摘要 |
PURPOSE: To speedily eliminate frost or ice by comprising a window glass to be suitable used for a vehicle windshield or the like of an optical element of a specified reflectance or less to vertical incidence of a beam of a specified wavelength, and a specified electrically conductive layer laminated with it. CONSTITUTION: A laminated window comprises an optical element of a sheet electricity resistance of about 6Ω/square or less, and a reflanctance of about 11% or less to vertical incidence of a beam of a wavelength in a range of 400-700 nm. This optical element is composed of at least two electrically conductive layers each having a thickness of 150Åor less, at least one insulation layer to isolate the electric conductive layers, and a transparent base substance. Each electrically conductive layer can be carried a current through a bus bar. For the electrically conductive layer, silver is used, and for the insulation layer, titanium dioxide is used. In addition, for the transparent base substance, glass is used.
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