| 摘要 |
Condensation products are manufactured by reacting polymerized vinyl esters with an aldehyde in a medium having a strong acid reaction, whilst agitating until a homogeneous medium is obtained, and in the presence of an aliphatic alcohol for accelerating the reaction, without the application of external heat, the saponification and condensation being effected without isolating any intermediate product. The strongly acid medium may be concentrated hydrochloric acid, to which is added water and ethyl alcohol. The products may be used for producing varnishes by dissolving in solvents, for the manufacture of cinematograph films, for obtaining colourless transparent blocks, capable of being sliced, sawn or turned on a lathe, by the action of heat or pressure on the products above or with the addition of plasticizing agents, e.g. phthalic or phosphoric esters, for the manufacture of moulding powders, if desired with the addition of loading agents, and for the manufacture of gramophone records and of artificial fibres. In examples: (1) polymerized vinyl acetate is agitated with a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid, water and alcohol; after a time depending on whether complete or partial saponification is desired paraldehyde is added and the whole is agitated until a complete mixture is obtained and is then left for 10 hours at ordinary temperature, the product is precipitated with water, washed, until free from acid, with water which may be rendered alkaline by caustic soda or potash, sodium carbonate, ammonia or organic bases, strained and dried; (2) polymerized vinyl acetate is saponified more or less completely as in (1) and is then mixed with trioxymethylene and allowed to stand; the product, which is isolated as in (1), forms pliable and tenacious colourless films and blocks capable of being operated upon by a saw or lathe; (3) polymerized vinyl alcohol is saponified as in (1) after which aqueous formaldehyde is added and the mixture is agitated until homogeneous and then allowed to stand; the product, which is isolated as in (1), forms films suitable for use as cinematograph films. Gramophone records are manufactured from films or sheets formed from the products, by employing either a homogeneous sheet of the products or by applying a thin film to the two faces of a blank of inert material, e.g. cardboard, paper or aluminium, the thin film being obtained either separately in known manner or by evaporation of a solution of the condensation product on the inert support. In an example a film prepared from a solution of a polyvinyl alcohol-aldehyde condensation product in a mixture of denatured alcohol, toluene, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate is applied to both sides of a washer of cardboard and the whole is hot pressed. Specification 383,045 is referred to. Artificial fibres are manufactured from the condensation products by either the wet or dry process. In examples: (1) a solution obtained of saponifying polymerized vinyl acetate by means of concentrated hydrochloric acid, water and alcohol and reacting with trioxymethylene is spun at 40--45 DEG C. into an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate by the continuous process; (2) an isolated condensation product obtained by saponifying polymerized vinyl acetate as in (1) and reacting with paracetaldehyde is dissolved in a mixture of methyl acetate, denatured alcohol and butyl phthalate and the solution is employed in the dry spinning process. |
