| 摘要 |
PURPOSE:To facilitate the formation of a display panel which has high-density picture elements over a wide area by connecting resistance bodies electrically to every (n) striped conductive films of at least one of 1st or 2nd electrode group and providing a reference potential point on every (n) films. CONSTITUTION:This is an optical modulating element which has an optical modulating material sandwiched between 1st substrate 11 and 2nd substrate, and at least one of the 1st substrate 11 and 2nd substrates is constituted by connecting and wiring every (n) striped conductive films 12 and 14 arranged on the substrate electrically by the resistance bodies 13 and 15 and also providing the reference potential point of at least one line on every (n) electrodes. Namely, voltages applied to the respective electrodes are different in value, line by line, owing to voltage drops across the resistance bodies. For the purpose, a pulse signal with a crest value corresponding to gradation or signal with pulse width or pulse number corresponding to the gradation is applied to form an area where the inverted threshold voltage of ferroelectric liquid crystal is applied and an area which does not exceed the threshold value, thereby obtaining the gradation by area variation.
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