| 摘要 |
<p>1,243,543. Releasable fastenings. INSTITUT FRANCAIS DU PETROLE DES CARBURANTS ET LUBRIFIANTS. 21 Nov., 1968 [21 Nov., 1967], No. 55382/68. Heading E2A. [Also in Division H4] Acoustic waves are generated in a liquid medium by the impact of one element against another. The two elements are interconnected by a deformable membrane to define a fluid-tight enclosure, and in use the elements are locked in spaced apart relationship, the pressure in the enclosure is reduced below the ambient external pressure, and the elements are then unlocked so that they move towards each other. In the marine seismic wave generator of Fig. 1 the elements are plates 3a, 3b with strengthening fins 1a, 1b and recessed chambers 4a, 4b and are interconnected by annular membrane 6. Alignment of the plates during their relative displacement is maintained by rod 11 moving in cylinder 8. To prime the generator, air is pumped through valve V1 and conduit 21 into the enclosure and moves plates 3a, 3b apart. Toggle linkages 17 extend until (as shown) their rollers 20 engage the rim of a cam 13 (slidable on an extension of cylinder 8), thereby locking the plates in their spaced position. The air is then evacuated from the enclosure through conduit 22 and valve V2. To actuate the generator, solenoid coil 12 is energised to draw cam 13 towards armature 10 (against the action of a bias spring 14) and so unlock the plates by allowing linkages 17 to retract. The impacting faces of plates 3a, 3b may be coated with an elastic material. Alternative unlocking arrangements are described in which the solenoid coil slides on the cylinder 8 extension (Fig. 7, not shown) or the cam is moved by a pnuematic or hydraulic system (Fig. 4, not shown). In a further locking and unlocking arrangement (Fig. 11) the toggle linkages are connected by pivoted links 46 to a ring 47 slidable on the cylinder 8 extension and the ring can be locked in the position shown by actuating a device 59 (e.g. a magnetic device or a pneumatic or hydraulic jack) to extend tapered piston 61 and so force the outer balls of one or more rows of balls 63 into groove 57 of ring 47. The rows are defined by the alignment of apertures in rod 11 and cylinder 8 when the plates 3a, 3b are fully separated. Members which are normally retracted by a spring but which can be extended by an actuating device similar to 59 may be used instead of the rows of balls 63 (Fig. 10, not shown), or a magnetic arrangement may be used instead to lock ring 47 in the required position (Figs. 8 and 9, not shown). In the Fig. 5 embodiment the impacting elements are plates 2a, 2b hinged at 29 and the locking and unlocking arrangement comprises a toggle linkage 17 which is held in the extended position by a fluid-pressure jack 30 or electrical actuator. Retraction of linkage 17 is assisted by spring 33. In the Fig. 12 embodiment the impacting plates 3a, 3b are moved apart by pumping oil through distributor D and conduit 70 to extend piston rod 67a (the end of which bears on cylinder 8) of a piston and cylinder device forming part of rod 11. The locking and unlocking arrangement comprises a toggle linkage 17, 46 with a slidable ring 47 which can be held magnetically in the "locked" position (as in the Fig. 8 arrangement). A vacuum pump 78 and valve 76 allow any water present in the generator enclosure to be drained off.</p> |
